In the late 1700's life on Earth was discussed throughout Europe. Charles Darwin "supplied" the idea of natural selection, to explain the evolutionary process. He explained how all organisms evolved from one common ancestor. Darwin's theory was so well explained that some scientists today call it a fact of evolution.
"The major controversy among evolutionists today concerns the validity of point #3 (above). The are many who believe that the fossil record at any one site does not show gradual change but instead long periods of stasis followed by rapid speciation. This model is referred to as Punctuated Equilibrium and it is widely accepted as true, at least in some cases. The debate is over the relative contributions of gradual versus punctuated change, the average size of the punctuations, and the mechanism. To a large extent the debate is over the use of terms and definitions, not over fundamentals. No new mechanisms of evolution are needed to explain the model."
Modern Synthesis is a theory about how evolution works on a level of phenotypes and genes. Darwinism concerns organisms, speciation, and individuals, making Modern Synthesis to have cause a "paradigm shift."
Moran, Laurence; Talk Origins.org "The Modern Synthesis of Genetics and Evolution" copywrite 1993-1997 http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/modern-synthesis.html
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